Supplementary Exercises Technical Terms in Business
ตัวอย่างข้อสอบ Mid-term, Aj.Kajakorn
Unit 3, Page 8, #6
A lay-off is the act of stopping a worker's employment because there is not enough _______ for them to do.
a) products
b) services
c) work
d) money
note: lay-off = ปลดคนงาน, the act = การกระทำ, employment(n.) = การจ้างงาน
Unit 3, Page 9, #19
Retained earnings is the company's profit for a particular period of time that are not paid to ________ in dividends
a) suppliers
b) customers
c) shareholders
d) stakeholders (suppliers, customers, employees, shareholders)
note: retained = สะสม, earning = กำไร, shareholders = ผู้ถือหุ้น, dividends = เงินปันผล
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-P.1-P.5 -
UNIT 1
Instructions: Put words and phrases in the right order to make the definitions of the key words.
** หาท่อนแรก คือท่อนที่มีคำนามที่บอกชนิดหรือประเภทของคำนามหลักของประโยค **
1. accountant : of an organization / whose job is / a professional person / to keep and check the financial records
Answer : An accountant is a professional person whose job is to keep and check the financial records of an organization.
accountant = พนักงานบัญชี
2. An advertising agency : how they should advertise their products / a business that gives advices to companies about / and produces advertisements for them.
Answer : A business that gives advices to companies about how they should advertise their products and produces advertisements for them.
an advertising agency = บริษัทโฆษณา
3. balance : in a particular period of time / of money coming into / the difference between the total and amounts going out of an account
Answer : The difference between the total and amounts going out of an account of money coming into in a particular period of time.
balance = ยอดคงเหลือ, particular period of time = ในช่วงเวลาหนึ่ง
4. commercial bank : rather than for the individual / for business organization / a bank involved in / and providing services / international trading
Answer : A bank involved in international trading and providing services for business organization rather than for the individual.
commercial bank = ธนาคารพานิชย์
5. barter : for other goods or work / rather than using money / exchanging goods or work / a system of
Answer : A system of exchanging goods or work for other goods or work rather than using money.
barter = แลกเปลี่ยนสินค้า/แรงงาน, system of = ระบบของ, exchanging goods = การแลกเปลี่ยนสินค้า
6. import control : to limit the numbers of goods / an action taken by the government / from abroad to sell / that can be brought into the country
Answer : An action taken by the government to limit the numbers of goods that can be brought into the country from abroad to sell.
import control = การควบคุมการนำเข้า, to limit the numbers of goods = เพื่อจำกัดจำนวนสินค้า, action taken by the government = กระทำโดยรัฐบาล
7. The cost of living : or a place to live / the average amount / spend on food, clothes / of money people in a particular place
Answer : The average amount of money people in a particular place spend on food, clothes or a place to live.
the cost of living = ค่าครองชีพ, place to live = ที่อยู่อาศัย, clothes = เสื้อผ้า, average amount = จำนวนเฉลี่ย, particular place = เฉพาะเจาะจงของพื้นที่หนึ่งๆ
8. quality control : and are of the right quality / the process of making sure / are produced and sold as planned / that an organization's goods and services
Answer : The process of making sure that an organization's goods and services are produced and sold as planned and are of the right quality.
quality control = ควบคุมคุณภาพ, process of making sure = กระบวนการที่ทำ
9. trade deficit : is more than the amount / the amount by which / the money going out of a country / coming in from exports / to pay for imports
Answer : The amount by which the money going out of a country to pay for imports is more than the amount coming in from exports.
trade deficit = ขาดดุลการค้า, trade surplus = เกินดุลการค้า, amount by which = จำนวนซึ่ง
10. depression : during which there is / a long period of time / and a lot of people do not have jobs / very little business activity
Answer : A long period of time during which there is very little business activity and a lot of people do not have jobs.
depression = ช่วงเศรษฐกิจตกต่ำ, a lot of people do not have jobs = มีคนตกงานจำนวนมาก
11. flexitime : for a fixed number of hours each week / a system in which people who work in a company work / but can choose what time they start or finish work
Answer : A system in which people who work in a company work for a fixed number of hours each week but can choose what time they start of finish work.
flexitime = ระบบมีความยืดหยุ่นด้านเวลา
12. capital gain : or more than its book value / for more than its cost / when an asset is sold / profit that is made
Answer : Profit that is made when an asset is sold for more than its cost or more than its book value.
capital gain = กำไรจากการขายทรัพย์สิน(หุ้น), capital loss = ขาดทุน, profit that is made = กำไรที่ได้
13. invoice : with details of goods or services / a document sent by a seller / , and the payment date / that have been provided, their prices / to a customer
Answer : A document sent by a seller to a customer with details of goods or services that have been provided, their prices, and the payment date.
invoice = ใบแจ้งหนี้
14. infrastructure : and power supplies / , such as transport, communications / the basic system and structures / to make economic activity possible / that a county needs
Answer : The basic system and structures that a country needs to make economic activity possible, such as transport, communications and power supplies.
infrastructure = ระบบโครงสร้่างพื้นฐานสาธารณูปโภค
15. lease : in return for payment / to use something for a particular period of time / a legal contract / or an organization to make payments / that allows a person
Answer : A legal contract that allows a person or an organization to make payment to use something for a particular period of time in return for payment.
lease = สัญญาเช่า, legal contract = สัญญาทางกฎหมาย, make payment = จ่ายเป็นงวดๆ
16. incentive : to encourage people / something which is used to / produce more or spend more money / especially for to make them work harder
Answer : Something which is used to encourage people especially for to make them work harder produce more or spend more money.
incentive = สิ่งกระตุ้นหรือจูงใจ
17. conciliation : in the hope of ending the argument / who are involved in the argument / the process of getting an employer and employee / to meet and discuss the differences,
Answer : The process of getting an employer and employee who are involved in the argument to meet and discuss the differences, in the hope of ending the argument.
conciliation = การไกล่เกลี่ยข้อพิพาท
18. roadshow : in order to show its plans to possible customers / trying to raise money for investment / a series of meetings in different places / organized by a company
Answer : A series of meetings in different places organized by a company trying to raise money for investment in order to show its plans to possible customers.
roadshow = การจัดงานเพื่อชักจูงการลงทุนในที่ต่างๆ, possible customers = ลูกค้าเป้าหมาย
19. bullet loan : and the original loan itself / during the period of the loan, / a loan where only interest is paid / is paid back in one payment at the end
Answer : A loan where only interest is paid during the period of the loan, and the original loan itself is paid back in one payment at the end.
bullet loan = สัญญากู้ ที่มีการจ่ายเฉพาะดอกเบี้ยในแต่ละงวด เงินต้นจะจ่ายเมื่อสิ้นสุดสัญญา
20. liquidation : and its assets / because it is in financial difficulty / are sold to pay its debts / when a company stops operating
Answer : When a company stop operating because it is in financial difficulty and its assets are sold to pay its debts.
liquidation = การขายสินทรัพย์ทอดตลาด เพื่อนำมาชำระหนี้, company stops operating = บริษัทหยุดดำเนินงาน, financial difficulty = ปัญหาทางการเงิน, pay its debts = ชำระหนี้
-P.8-P.10 -
UNIT 3
Instructions: Using the context clues as information to complete the following sentences.
1. Under the pressure from the ..auditor.. , the company had to increase its reported loss for the year.
auditor = ผู้ตรวจสอบบัญชี, pressure = ความกดดัน/แรงกดดัน, increase = เพิ่มขึ้น, reported loss = ผลขาดทุนที่รายงานบนงบการเงิน
2. Sealed-bid auction is an auction in which buyers ..write down.. the price they are willing to pay and hand in so that other buyers do not know much they have ..offered..
sealed-bid auction = ประมูลแบบปิดราคา, write down(v.) = เขียนลงไป, offered = เสนอราคา, willing = เต็มใจ
3. In ..ethical.. investment, investors try to buy shares in companies with a clean record.
ethical = ที่มีจรรยาบรรณ, shares = หุ้น, clean record = ประวัติดี
4. Last year about $80 million in counterfeit notes were seized, compared with $17 billion in ..genuine.. notes produced.
genuine = ของแท้, counterfeit notes = ธนบัตรปลอม, seized = ยึด, million = ล้าน, billion = พันล้าน
5. The strong Mark ranks as the world's second largest ..reserve.. currency, next only to the US dollar.
reserve currency = สกุลเงินสำรอง
6. A lay-off is the act of stopping a worker's ..employment.. because there is not enough work for them to do.
lay-off = ปลดคนงาน, the act = การกระทำ, employment(n.) = การจ้างงาน
7. A mortgage is a ..legal.. arrangement where you borrow money from a financial institution in order to buy ..land.. or a ..house.., and you pay back the money over a period of years.
mortgage = การจำนอง, arrangement = จัดเตรียม, borrow = ขอกู้, pay back = จ่ายคืน
8. A patent is a legal ..document.. giving a person or a company the right to make or sell a new ..invention.. or product and no other person is allowed.
patent = สิทธิบัตร, invention = สิ่งประดิษฐ์, right = สิทธิ
9. False accounting is the ..crime.. of dishonestly changing figures, records, or writing false ..information.. in a company financial accounts.
crime = อาชญากรรม, dishonestly = ไม่ซื่อสัตย์
10. A ..comparative.. advantage is the advantage that one country has over the other because it is better at making a particular product.
comparative advantage = ความได้เปรียบเชิงเปรียบเทียบ, is better = ดีกว่า, making a particular product = ทำสินค้าเฉพาะอย่างได้ดีกว่า
11. A ..competitive .. advantage is the advantage that makes a company more able to succeed in competing with the other.
competitive advantage = ความได้เปรียบเชิงการแข่งขัน, succeed = ประสบความสำเร็จ, competing = แข่งขัน
12. An ..absolute.. advantage is the advantage that one country has over another because it can make a product more cheaply
absolute = เชิงสมบูรณ์, absolute advantage = ความได้เปรียบเชิงสมบูรณ์, more cheaply = ต้นทุนถูกกว่า
13. China is working on anti-dumping laws to ..protect.. its economy from ..unfair.. competition and to combat cheap imports.
anti-dumping = การใช้มาตราการตอบโต้ทุ่มตลาด, competition = การแข่งขัน, combat = ต่อสู้, cheap imports = สินค้านำเข้าที่ราคาถูก
14. A arbitrage is buying something in one place and selling it immediately in another in order to make ..profit.. from price ..differences.. between the two places.
15. A land bank is the land that a company owns and it is considered as an ..asset.. that can make money for the company.
land bank = ที่ดินที่บริษัทซื้อไว้พัฒนาในอนาคต
16. A compromise is an ..agreement.. between two people or groups in which both sides agree to accept less than they ..first.. asked for and to give up something that they value.
compromise = การประนีประนอม, accept less than = ยอมรับน้อยกว่า, asked for = เรียกร้อง/ร้องขอ, they value = เห็นความสำคัญบางอย่าง
17. A code of conduct is a set of ..rules.. that employees, companies or professional people ..agree.. to follow in the way they behave and do business.
professional people = บุคคลวิชาชีพ, behave = ประพฤติ
18. An industrial ..efficiency.. is the ability of an industry to produce goods cheaply so that they can be sold at a low price and ..still.. make a profit.
ability = ความสามารถ, produce = ผลิต
19. Retained ..earnings.. is the company's profit for a particular period of time that are not paid to shareholders in ..dividends..
retained = สะสม, earning = กำไร, shareholders = ผู้ถือหุ้น, dividends = เงินปันผล
20. Gross National Product is the ..total.. value of goods and services produced in a country's ..economy.., including income from abroad.
Gross National Product (GNP) = ผลผลิตมวลรวมประชาชาติ, income = รายได้, abroad = ต่างประเทศ
-P.10 -
*head noun =นามหลักที่ถูกขยาย
1. The company claims customer service is its number one ..priority..
claims = อ้าง, priority = สิ่งสำคัญ
2. The finance *team left to start a ..separate.. company.
separate = แยก
3. In the ..off..season.. , you do not need to make reservation.
off season = ช่วงนอกฤดูการ, reservation = จอง/สำรอง
4. Import *decisions belong to the ..private..sector.. and the government has no power to interfere.
decision = ตัดสินใจ, belong to = เป็นของ, private sector = ภาคเอกชน, interfere = ก้าวก่าย
5. The SET *Index rose, reflecting ..market..sentiment.. that the economy is improving.
rose=เพิ่มขึ้น, reflecting =สะท้อน, market sentiment = สภาวะอารมณ์ของตลาด, improving = ปรับปรุง, ปรับตัว
6. Companies who dump waste are ignoring their ..social.. responsibility.
dump waste = ที่ขยะไม่เป็นที่, ignoring = ละเลย, social responsibility = รับผิดชอบต่อสังคม
7. Inflation ..encourage.. consumption, borrowing and speculation.
inflation = สภาวะเงินเฟ้อ, encourage = โน้มน้าวทำให้เกิด, consumption = การบริโภค, borrowing = การกู้ยืม, speculation = การเก็งกำไร
8. He now stands accused by the court of serious ..mismanagement.. of the company's financial affairs.
stands = อยู่ในสถานะภาพ, accused = ถูกกล่าวหา, court = ศาล, serious = อย่างร้ายแรง, mismanagement = การบริหารงานผิดผลาด, financial affairs = งานด้านการเงิน
9. Lifetime *employment gives employees greater career ..stability..
lifetime = ตลอดชีวิต, employment = การจ้างงาน, gives = ให้, employees = ลูกจ้าง, greater = มากกว่า, career = อาชีพ, stability = ความมั่นคง
10. You will receive a monthly ..statement.. showing the state of your account.
statement = ใบแจ้งยอดบัญชี, state = สถานะ
11. The *recession is ..suppressing.. demand for our products.
recession = เศรษฐกิจถดถอย, suppressing = หยุดยั้ง, demand = ความต้องการ s
12. The organization has been ..streamlined.. to reduce bureaucracy.
streamlined = ปรับปรุงให้มีประสิทธิภาพมากขึ้น, reduce = ลด, bureaucracy = เยิ่นเย้อ, มีพิธีรีตรองเยอะ
13. We continue to make steady ..progress.. in improving key areas of our business.
steady = อย่างช้าๆ,อย่างมั่นคง, progress = ความก้าวหน้า, improving = การปรับปรุง,
key areas = ด้านสำคัญ
14. The country has a good ..credit ..status.. , large hard-currency reserves and a stable currency.
credit status = สถานภาพทางเครดิต(ความน่าเชื่อถือในการลงทุน), hard-currency reserves = สกุลเงินสำรองที่แข็งแกร่ง, stable currency = ค่าเงินมีเสถียรภาพ,มั่นคง
15. When a company is new and small, it can stay close to its ..stakeholder.. (e.g., staff, customers, suppliers, shareholder)
stay close = สามารถที่จะอยู่ใกล้ชิด, stakeholder = ผู้มีส่วนได้ส่วนเสีย,ผู้ถือผลประโยชน์ร่วมกัน, stake = ผลประโยชน์
-P.11 -
UNIT 4
Instructions: Complete the following sentences, using the appropriate words or phrases from the box.
*head noun =นามหลักที่ถูกขยาย
1. A ..merger.. is an occasion when two or more companies, etc. join together to form a larger company.
occasion = โอกาส, form = จัดตั้ง
2. Your clearing bank will be able to transfer cash directly ..to and from.. your current account.
transfer = โอน, current account = บัญชีกระแสรายวัน
3. He was accused of taking $30,000 from the company without ..authorization...
authorization = การอนุญาต
4. The *problem has been ignored by ..successive.. administration.
successive = สำดับต่อมา, ignored = เพิกเฉย,ละเลย, administration = ผู้บริหาร,คณะรัฐบาล
5. Rice is the country's principle export ..commodity..
commodity = สินค้าโภคภัณฑ์, principle = หลัก
6. A collection of pornographic photos, films and books have been seized by ..customs officers..
customs officers = เจ้าหน้าที่ศุลกากร, pornographic = ภาพโป๊, seized = ยึด
7. An ..equity.. is the capital that a company has from shares rather than from loans.
equity = ส่วนของผู้ถือหุ้น, capital = เงินทุน, shares = หุ้น, loan = การกู้ยืม,เงินกู้
8. The increase in profit-ability is the result of improved ..efficiency..
efficiency = ประสิทธิภาพ, profit-ability = ความสามารถทำกำไร, improved = ปรับตัวดีขึ้น
9. Reebok *tries to increase market share by selling its shoes at ..discount price.. .
discount price = ราคาถูก
10. A ..knowledge industry.. is an industry where success depends on obtaining, managing, and using knowledge in a particular area.
knowledge industry = อุตสาหกรรมที่เกี่ยวกับความรู้, depend = ขึ้นอยู่กับ, obtaining = การได้รับ, particular area = เฉพาะทาง
11. A ..merchandise.. id goods that are produced id order to be sold, especially goods than are sold in the store.
merchandise = สินค้า
12. A ..lifestyle.. is the way someone lives, including where they live, their Job and the sort of things they spend money on.
lifestyle = วิธีชีวิต, where they live = สถานที่เขาอยู่, spend money on = buy = ใช้จ่ายไปกับ
-P.12 -
UNIT 5
Instructions: Complete the following sentences, using the appropriate words or phrases from the box.
1. We shall be grateful if you will kindly ..acknowledge.. receipt of this letter.
acknowledge = ตอบรับ, grateful = รู้สึกขอบคุณ, kindly = please = กรุณา
2. ..The assured.. is the person or organization that will receive the money from an assurance agreement.
the assured = คนทำประกัน, assurance agreement = สัญญาประกัน
3. The director has the right to append ..comments.. to the final report.
comments = หมายเหตุ, director = ผู้อำนวยการ, right = สิทธิ, append = เพิ่มเติม
4. ..Earnings.. is the amount of money in the form of cash that a company has after it has paid all its costs.
earnings = กำไร, amount of money = จำนวนเงิน, paid all its costs = จ่ายค่าใช่จ่ายทั้งหมดแล้ว
5. ..Blue chip company.. is a well-known, successful company whose shares are very safe investment.
blue chip company = บริษัทมีชื่อเสียงน่าลงทุน, very safe investment = ความเสี่ยงต่ำ
6. ..Sunk cost.. is the money that has been used to pay for something and that you cannot get back.
sunk cost = ต้นทุนจม
7. ..Floating currency.. is a currency whose value is allowed to change in relation to other currency.
floating currency = สกุลเงินแบบลอยตัว, relation = เปรียบเทียบ
8. ..Cash in hand.. is the money that a person receives for the work they do in a particular period of time.
cash in hand = ค่าจ้างรายวัน
9. ..Hoard.. is a store of money or goods kept to be used or sold in the future.
hoard = การกักตุน, store = การเก็บ,สะสม
10. ..Launch.. is an occasion at which a new product is shown or made available for sale or use for the first time.
launch = การเปิดตัวสินค้าครั้งแรก, made available for sale = วางจำหน่าย, use for the first time = ใช้เป็นครั้งแรก
-P.13-P.14 -
UNIT 6
Instructions: Study the following words or phrases and then match each of them with the same definition or synonym below. Write your answers on the space provided.
Download ** ชุดฝึกทำ ** Mid-term, Aj.Kajakorn
acknowledge = ตอบรับ, grateful = รู้สึกขอบคุณ, kindly = please = กรุณา
2. ..The assured.. is the person or organization that will receive the money from an assurance agreement.
the assured = คนทำประกัน, assurance agreement = สัญญาประกัน
3. The director has the right to append ..comments.. to the final report.
comments = หมายเหตุ, director = ผู้อำนวยการ, right = สิทธิ, append = เพิ่มเติม
4. ..Earnings.. is the amount of money in the form of cash that a company has after it has paid all its costs.
earnings = กำไร, amount of money = จำนวนเงิน, paid all its costs = จ่ายค่าใช่จ่ายทั้งหมดแล้ว
5. ..Blue chip company.. is a well-known, successful company whose shares are very safe investment.
blue chip company = บริษัทมีชื่อเสียงน่าลงทุน, very safe investment = ความเสี่ยงต่ำ
6. ..Sunk cost.. is the money that has been used to pay for something and that you cannot get back.
sunk cost = ต้นทุนจม
7. ..Floating currency.. is a currency whose value is allowed to change in relation to other currency.
floating currency = สกุลเงินแบบลอยตัว, relation = เปรียบเทียบ
8. ..Cash in hand.. is the money that a person receives for the work they do in a particular period of time.
cash in hand = ค่าจ้างรายวัน
9. ..Hoard.. is a store of money or goods kept to be used or sold in the future.
hoard = การกักตุน, store = การเก็บ,สะสม
10. ..Launch.. is an occasion at which a new product is shown or made available for sale or use for the first time.
launch = การเปิดตัวสินค้าครั้งแรก, made available for sale = วางจำหน่าย, use for the first time = ใช้เป็นครั้งแรก
-P.13-P.14 -
UNIT 6
Instructions: Study the following words or phrases and then match each of them with the same definition or synonym below. Write your answers on the space provided.
1. ..slump.. A sudden fall in economy forcing many companies to close and many people to lose their jobs.
slump = ช่วงเศรษฐกิจตกต่ำ, fall = ตก/ทรุด, forcing = บีบให้เกิด, lose = สูญเสีย
2. ..proxy.. A document that gives one person the power to speak, vote or make decision for someone else, especially at a meeting.
proxy = หนังสือมอบฉันทะ
3. .. severance.. The act of officially ending an agreement or contract, especially between an employer and an employee.
severance = การสิ้นสุดสัญญา, act = การกระทำ, officially ending an agreement = สิ้นสุดยุติข้อตกลงอย่างเป็นทางการ
4. ..sanction.. An official order or laws stopping trade, communication, etc. with another country as a way of forcing political changes.
sanction = มาตรการบีบบังคับ, official order = คำสั่งที่เป็นทางการ, forcing = บีบ, political changes = การเปลี่ยนแปลงทางการเมือง
5. ..prospectus.. A document produced by a company when inviting public to buy its shares.
prospectus = หนังสือชี้ชวนให้ลงทุน
6. ....fringe benefits... Additional advantages given with a job beside wages (pensions, company, cars and loans at low rate of)
fringe benefits = เงินสวัสดิการ, wages = เงินเดือน/ค่าจ้่าง
7. ..clearing .. When banks and other financial institutions make payments to each other at the end of a period of trading so that they no longer owe each other any money.
clearing = การหักลบกลบหนี้, financial institutions = สถาบันการเงิน, end of a period of trading = สิ้นสุดการซื้อขาย, owe = เป็นหนี้/ติดหนี้
8. ..contingency.. An event or situation that might happen in the future, especially one that might cause problems.
contingency = เหตุการณ์ไม่แน่นอน, event = เหตุการณ์, situation = สถานะการณ์, might = อาจจะเกิดขึ้น
9. ..consolidation.. When a company's position of power is made stronger by takeovers and mergers.
consolidation = การรวมตัวกันของบริษัท, position of power = สถานะทางอำนาจ, takeovers = ซื้อกิจการ
10. ..reserve currency.. Currency held by governments because of its strength and its usefulness in making international payments.
reserve currency = สกุลเงินสำรอง, held = ถือ, strength = แข็งแกร่ง, usefulness = ความมีประโยชน์
11. ..reprimand.. An occasion when you tell someone officially that they have done something very wrong.
reprimand = การตำหนิ, very wrong = ผิดอย่างร้ายแรง
12. ..indemnity.. Protection against loss or damage, especially in the form of an official written promise to pay for any losses or damage.
indemnity = เงินชดเชย, ค่าสินไหมทดแทน, protection = ปกป้องข้อมูล, official written promise = สัญญาอย่างเป็นทางการ, losses = สูญเสีย, damage = ความเสียหาย
13. ..rivalry.. Competition between people or companies who are in the same business or selling similar goods or services in the same market.
rivalry = การแข่งขันกัน, competition = การแข่งขัน
14. ..brand image.. The collection of ideas or beliefs that people have about a brand.
brand image = ภาพลักษณ์ผลิตภัณฑ์, collection = ภาพรวม, beliefs = ความถี่
15. ..revenue.. Money that a business or organization receives over a period of time, especially from selling goods or services.
revenue = รายได้
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